African American newspapers
African American newspapers are those newspapers in the United States that seek readers primarily of African American descent. These newspapers came into existence in 1827 when Samuel Cornish and John Brown Russwurm started the first African-American periodical called Freedom's Journal. During the antebellum South, other African American newspapers sprang forth, such as The North Star founded by Frederick Douglass. As African Americans moved to urban centers around the country, virtually every large city with a significant African American population soon had newspapers directed towards African Americans. Today, these newspapers have gained audiences outside of African American circles.
History
Origins
Most of these publications like Freedom's Journal's (1758–1799) were published in the north and then distributed, often covertly, to African Americans throughout the country. Blacks' ability to establish many environments and black neighborhoods in the North led to the first wave of publications. By the 20th century, daily papers appeared in Norfolk, Kansas City, and Washington D.C.
19th century
In the late 19th century the main reason that the papers were created was for economic stability, and not for uplifiting. However, African Americans found both through African American Papers that were aspiring to fight oppression.
Modern day
There were many black publications, like those of Marcus Garvey and John H. Johnson. These men broke a wall that let black people in the society, not only as criminals, but as successful human beings. The Minnesota Spokesman-Recorder is Minnesota's oldest Black Newspaper and the United States oldest ongoing minority publication second only to The Jewish World.
The future of African American newspapers
Many Black newspapers that began publishing in the 60's, 70's, and 80's went out of business because they could not attract enough advertising and economic decline. As of 2002, 2000 Black newspapers remained.
As of 2010 however, there has been a resurgence of online African American news organizations, most notably Black News, The Grio, and Black Voices. With the decline of print media and proliferation of internet access, more and more black news websites are popping up every day.
List of African American newspapers in the United States
- The Arizona Informant - Phoenix, Arizona
- African-American News and Issues – Houston, Texas
- Bay State Banner (web site) - Boston, Massachusetts
- Big Red News (defunct) - Brooklyn, New York
- Black Chronicle - Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- Boston Guardian (defunct) - Boston, Massachusetts
- Buffalo Challenger (defunct) - Buffalo, New York
- The Buffalo Criterion (web site) - Buffalo, New York
- California Eagle (defunct) - Los Angeles, California
- Call and Post - Cleveland, Ohio
- Carolina Peacemaker (web site) - Greensboro, North Carolina
- The Carolina Times - Durham, North Carolina
- The Carolinian (web site) - Raleigh, North Carolina
- Charlotte Post (web site) - Charlotte, North Carolina
- Chattanooga Courier
- Chicago Crusader (web site) - Chicago, Illinois
- Chicago Defender
- The Christian Recorder
- The City Sun
- Clarksville Press
- The Cleveland Gazette
- The Courant
- The Denver Weekly News
- Dallas Express
- The Final Call
- The Florida Star
- Freedom's Journal
- Gary Crusader (web site) - Gary, Indiana
- Harambee News
- INK Newspaper
- Jackson Advocate
- The Call-Kansas City, MO
- Kansas State Ledger
- Knoxville Enlightener
- Las Vegas Sentinel-Voice
- Los Angeles Sentinel
- Louisville Defender
- Memphis Tri-State Defender
- Michigan Chronicle
- Milwaukee Community Journal" Wisconsin's Larger African American Newspaper - (Milwaukee, Wisconsin) http://www.communityjournal.net/
- Minnesota Spokesman-Recorder
- Murfreesboro Vision
- Muncie Times, free full-text access, 1991-2010
- Muslim Journal
- The Nashville Pride
- New Journal and Guide
- The New Orleans Tribune - La Tribune de la Nouvelle-Orleans
- New York Beacon
- New York Carib News (web site) - New York, New York
- North Star (newspaper)
- Nos Jornal (newspaper)
- The Oakland Post (California)
- Omaha Star
- Our Weekly
- Philadelphia Tribune
- Philadelphia Observer
- Pittsburgh Courier
- Richmond Free Press
- The Richmond Voice Newspaper
- San Francisco Bay View
- Savannah Tribune
- Seattle Medium
- St. Louis Sentinel
- The Miami Times
- The Facts
- The Liberator
- The Louisiana Weekly
- The Washington Informer
- The Washington Afro American
- The Washington Sun
- The New York Amsterdam News
- The New York Voice (Weekly)
- The Sacramento Observer
- Woman's Era (the first newspaper published by and for African American women)
List of African American online news organizations in the United States
See also
External references